The Virginia Supreme Court has thrown out the results of a closely watched redistricting referendum that voters narrowly approved last month, upending a major political fight with national implications.
The decision blocks Democrats from moving forward with a mid-decade redraw of the state’s congressional maps, halting a plan that could have dramatically reshaped Virginia’s representation in Washington ahead of the November midterms.
The ruling follows months of legal challenges over whether the referendum itself violated the state constitution. At stake was a proposal that would have shifted Virginia’s congressional breakdown from a 6-5 Democratic edge to a lopsided 10-1 split, according to projections tied to the new map.
The state had already spent $5.2 million to hold the special election, while outside groups poured nearly $100 million into efforts to influence voters.
Republicans, who repeatedly sued to block the measure, argued the plan was unlawful and politically motivated. Democrats countered that the effort was a response to GOP-led states that have redrawn maps to gain seats in a narrowly divided U.S. House.
At the center of the legal battle was a dispute over what counts as the “next general election” under Virginia’s constitution. State law requires constitutional amendments to pass through two sessions of the General Assembly, one before a House election and one after.
Republicans argued that lawmakers improperly advanced the amendment after early voting had already begun, while Democrats maintained that an election is defined as a single day in November. Several justices appeared skeptical of that interpretation during oral arguments.
The move by the state’s high court to overturn the will of voters is rare but not without precedent. In 1958, the court invalidated the results of a local referendum in Arlington after determining voters had approved an unconstitutional measure in 1956, according to Cardinal News.
The legal fight may not be over. Virginia election disputes have reached the nation’s highest court before. In 2024, then-Attorney General Jason Miyares secured a last-minute ruling from the U.S. Supreme Court that allowed the state to resume its voter purge program just days before Election Day.
Now, attention turns to whether Democrats will escalate the case further, potentially setting up another high-stakes clash over election law and redistricting.
